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As an assessment of databases used to store Maritime Situational Awareness data, the hypothesis is posed that a database built upon a data model, utilizing international standards, recognized and accepted data modelling concepts, ...
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As an assessment of databases used to store Maritime Situational Awareness data, the hypothesis is posed that a database built upon a data model, utilizing international standards, recognized and accepted data modelling concepts, best practices, etc. would be more trusted by the community utilizing the data contained within the database. In this work, the validity of this hypothesis was investigated and assessed by decomposing trust into the sub- components: predictability, dependability, faith, reliability, robustness, familiarity, understandability, explication of intention, usefulness, competence, self-confidence, and reputation. An analysis of how these components are expressed in the context of a database system and in particular, how they impact the data model, was performed. The analysis indicates that reliability, understandability, usefulness, familiarity and reputation are the components that capture the concept of trust in a data model. These components were then applied in an analysis of the National Information Exchange Model- Maritime data model, essentially grading the model against the applicable trust components. Results vary from a poor grade on aspects of reliability, to excellent in terms of familiarity and reputation.
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In this paper, we present a flexible format for compiling radiometry/photometry data with pertinent information about the collections into a file for use by the Space Situational Awareness (SSA) community. With the increase in the...
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In this paper, we present a flexible format for compiling radiometry/photometry data with pertinent information about the collections into a file for use by the Space Situational Awareness (SSA) community. With the increase in the number of Electro-Optical (EO) sensors collecting photometric, radiometric, and spectroscopic data on man-made Resident Space Objects (RSOs) for SSA purposes, the EO SSA community of interest and stakeholders in SSA require a file format protocol for reporting the extracted information used for SSA from these datasets. This EOSSA file format provides a foundation to enable data providers to format their processed data. The objective of this format is to handle a variety of photometric measurements from multiple sensors and provide fields for specific parameters containing crucial data about the object, the sensor, the collection, and the processing. The chosen formatting type for EOSSA is the Flexible Image Transport System (FITS). It is maintained by the International Astronomical Union and NASA/GSFC. FITS is the standard data format used in astronomy and has extensions and features that make it easy to transport and archive large scientific data sets. There are types of FITS files for multi-dimensional arrays, such as images, or hyperspectral image cubes, and headers and tables for data extracted from the images, and descriptive information about the data and sensor. The FITS binary table extension is the most efficient data structure to use for the purposes of SSA with respect to ease of programming, computational speed, and storage space. A hierarchical data format (HDF5) has many of these features; however, its biggest drawback to our purpose is that the files are large and require a lot of storage space. Secondly, no standardized HDF5 file structure has been developed and there is no high level application programming interface (API).
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Organizations today are required to plan against a rapidly changing, high-cost environment. This is especially true for first responders to disasters and other incidents, where critical decisions must be made in a timely manner to...
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Organizations today are required to plan against a rapidly changing, high-cost environment. This is especially true for first responders to disasters and other incidents, where critical decisions must be made in a timely manner to save lives and resources. Discrete-event simulations enable organizations to make better decisions by visualizing complex processes and the impact of proposed changes before they are implemented. A discrete-event simulation using Simio software has been developed to effectively analyze and quantify the imagery capabilities of domestic aviation resources conducting relief missions. This approach has helped synthesize large amounts of data to better visualize process flows, manage resources, and pinpoint capability gaps and shortfalls in disaster response scenarios. Simulation outputs and results have supported decision makers in the understanding of high risk locations, key resource placement, and the effectiveness of proposed improvements.
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Situation awareness is an essential cognitive-domain object of the command and control decision process. This paper places an organization's SA in the context of OODA (Observe, Orient, Decide, Act) interaction between opposing tea...
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Situation awareness is an essential cognitive-domain object of the command and control decision process. This paper places an organization's SA in the context of OODA (Observe, Orient, Decide, Act) interaction between opposing teams. In addition, a hierarchical SA structure is used to organize SA generated from the physical entities in the corresponding physical domain. A rich Modal Logic-based language (SALMA) is proposed to represent and also to communicate awareness within an organization to form the Organizational Situation Awareness. An example of increase of knowledge due to Organizational SA is given. An additional example of strategic maneuver based on Organization SA is also given. The paper concludes with an assessment of technology-led innovation and the significance of measurement in situation awareness.
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Undergraduate and graduate students at Washington University in St. Louis and Saint Louis University delivered a functional prototype of the Close- Orbiting Propellant Plume and Elemental Recognition (COPPER) spacecraft to the 201...
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Undergraduate and graduate students at Washington University in St. Louis and Saint Louis University delivered a functional prototype of the Close- Orbiting Propellant Plume and Elemental Recognition (COPPER) spacecraft to the 2011 Flight Competition Review of the University Nanosat-6 Program. In addition to the design reviews and events sponsored by the Program, the major accomplishments of this grant activity include: 1) Transitioning the program from Washington University to Saint Louis University (where the PI completed the work as a subcontract), 2) Performing three major design revisions based on industry feedback and test results, 3) Having a re-scoped COPPER spacecraft be selected for launch on NASA's ELANA-IV flight in Spring 2012, 4) Building a core competency in space systems at Saint Louis University sufficient to be selected for the University Nanosat-7 Program, 5) Loaning Akoya (original Nanosat-6 mission) to AFRL for SSA testing.
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Space situational awareness (SSA) depends on detection, tracking and characterization of resident space objects. One such system with this capability that is coming online is the Falcon Telescope Network, a network of telescopes d...
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Space situational awareness (SSA) depends on detection, tracking and characterization of resident space objects. One such system with this capability that is coming online is the Falcon Telescope Network, a network of telescopes dispersed across the state of Colorado as well as around the world. An important capability of the network will be simultaneous observations of a target from multiple sites. Telescopes located in Colorado will enable a study of fast moving low-earth-orbiting targets, while stations around the world will enable study of higher orbiting targets such as those in geosynchronous orbits. Understanding how to exploit this capability to complete tasks related to SSA is analyzed using the framework of statistical information theory. Specific tasks considered include estimating the surface material composition of targets and their intrinsic spin rate. The amount of information in the measurements is computed using simulations of target observations from single and multiple sites in the network. How this approach will lead to optimal use of the network when performing these SSA tasks is presented.
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This project is one coordinated component of a larger effort to address specific operational decisions that are affected by meteorology and oceanography (METOC) processes. Our goal is to develop technology for a high- resolution w...
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This project is one coordinated component of a larger effort to address specific operational decisions that are affected by meteorology and oceanography (METOC) processes. Our goal is to develop technology for a high- resolution weather data fusion (NOWCAST) system capable of blending and assimilating an ensemble of highly perishable, on-scene environmental data into an integrated picture of the battlespace environment. NOWCAST will provide the Navy or Joint METOC operator with a real-time, automated, web-based system to help monitor and characterize the impact of rapidly changing, operationally significant weather situations. NOWCAST offers a situational awareness framework that will enable warfighters and decision-makers to consider the impacts of the environment, which in turn will improve coordination and efficiency, both within the battlegroup and in the target area. Initially, the situational awareness of weather hazard information is primarily intended to support naval aviation in time critical/sensitive strike missions, but in the future, the capability may be extended to improve safety, navigation, ship self defense, special warfare, weaponeering, and other operational areas impacted by the environment. The NOWCAST system, data, and products will be owned, operated, maintained, and quality assured by the METOC office.
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